The Large Hadron Collider, currently under construction at CERN, should be completed in 2007. It is likely to revolutionise our understanding of particle physics. There is an unprecedented world-wide consensus that the next major project in particle physics, which will complement and extend the research that can be done at the LHC, is the construction of a linear electron-positron collider with an energy of at least 400-500 GeV. My talk will explain why this is the case and put it in the context of other current or planned facilities. I will also discuss what other developments will be important in the longer-term future to ensure that progress in understanding the fundamental constituents of matter can continue.

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